Confusing words

-
Let's look at some confusing words:


  • Lay and Lie are present tense verbs



'To lay' means to put something or place something

Present                                    lay(s)

Past                                            laid

  Past Participle                         laid

   Present Participle                laying
                                                                               

He lays the baby in the crib for a nap.
Lay the bowls carefully on the table.
Her father laid a gentle hand on her shoulder.
The child moved closer to her father, laying her head on his chest.


'To lie' means   to rest or recline

Present                             lie(s)
  Past                                 lay 
  Past Participle              lain
  present Participle       lying
                                                                                       

I lie on the cot.
I am lying on the cot.
I will lie on the cot tomorrow.
I lay on the cot yesterday.
I had lain on the cot just before he arrived.




  • Advice and Advise

Advice is an uncountable noun. It means a suggestion about what someone should do.For instance,
My friend gave me some good advice.
I think she will take his advice.
She needs some advice on which laptop to buy.
We went to Manali on Deepak's advice.

Advise is a verb. It means to give someone advice. For instance,
The doctor advised him to quit smoking.
The bank manager will be pleased to advise you.
We were advised to reach early.


  • Effect and Affect
Effect is a noun. It means a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
For instance,
There are many bad effects of junk food.
Such weather has a negative effect on my mood.

Affect is a verb. It means to have influence or impact on something/someone. It also implies to make a difference to something.
For instance,
The pollution of the city began to affect my health.

Effect  also means the lighting, sound, or scenery used in a play, film or broadcast.
For instance,
The visual effects of the movie are amazing.

As a transitive verb, effect needs an object(something) to make something happen. It is used in formal contexts.
to effect a cure/change/recovery
The programme officers hoped to effect a smooth transition to this short-term course.
These natural remedies can sometimes effect miraculous cures.



  • Adverse and Averse
Adverse is an adjective used before a noun. It means preventing success or development. It also means unfavourable. It also implies negative or harmful effect on something.

The programme has been cancelled because of adverse weather conditions.
He management received a lot of adverse criticism about the changes.
This medicine does not have any adverse effects.
Over-eating has adverse effects on  children's health.

Averse
It is also an adjective. It means having a strong dislike of or opposition to something.
Few people are averse to appearing on television.
He is averse to taking chances.
They were averse to public display of affection.


Loose                         not firmly or tightly fixed in place;
                                  clothes not fitting tightly or closely

lose                           be deprived of something
                                 unable to find something/someone

Accept                     to agree to receive or do

Except                      not including

Aisle                        a passage between rows of seats

 Isle                         an island


All together            all in one place, all at once

Altogether              completely; on the whole

Wreath                   a ring-shaped arrangement of flowers

Wreathe                 to surround or encircle

Amoral                   not concerned with right or wrong

Immoral                 not following accepted moral standards



Note:
For further study, you may refer to the book Advanced Communicative English by Dr Jimmy Sharma available at Prism Book Store, University Market, Kurukshetra, Haryana. You can place the order for the book at : 9416039073.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Rasa Theory in Kalidasa’s Abhijnanashakuntalam

-
 (A comprehensive research paper presented by Ashwin, Roll No. 202554) Introduction to Rasa Theory   Bharata Muni’s ‘Rasa’ theory initially originated in his Sanskrit treatise written on the performing arts-Natyashastra. According to the Natyashastra, the goals of theatre and its elements are to empower aesthetic experience and deliver emotional rasa. It has its roots in the Vedic period, in Rig Veda as well as Atharvaveda. The theory advocates that entertainment is the desired effect of performance arts but not the primary goal, and the primary goal is to transport the individuals present in the audience into another parallel reality, full of wonder and bliss, where he/she experiences the essence of his/her consciousness and reflects on spiritual and moral aspects. It suggests that every object and meaning has an emotional effect that diverts the human mind with its experience and controls the heart and mind of an individual. To facilitate the understanding of this theo...
Read more

Abhijnana Shakuntalam (Act1-Act5)

-
  Act I Act 1 takes place in the forest on the foothills of the Himalayas and moves to the hermitage of the great sage Kanva, by the river Malini. The King Duhsanta appears, followed by his Charioteer, in hot pursuit of a deer, specifically a Blackbuck, which is a sacred animal. Duhsanta is stopped in his hunt by an ascetic who reminds him of his duty This deer is of the Hermitage, O King! He should not be killed…no…no…do not strike him down. How fragile the life of this deer! How cruel your sharp- pointed arrows, swift-winged! Never should they fall on his tender frame like tongues of flame on a heap of flowers. Quickly withdraw your well-aimed arrow, bound to protect the distressed, not strike the pure. (p. 173)   Furthermore, Duhsanta has entered the sacred Hermitage, where such slaughter is sacrilegious. At the ascetic surging, Duhsanta decides to go to the Hermitage of Kanva, to pay his respect as well enjoy the hospitality offered there. As they near the Hermitag...
Read more

Character Analysis of The Vicar

-
  Charles Primrose is not a flat character. With "human naturalness" the Vicar repeatedly surprises the reader by his inconsistency. He has no one personality trait without possessing, at least to a small degree, its opposite. The Vicar is a preacher, and to a great extent he acts and speaks in accordance with his sermons. His inconsistencies arise from the fact that he "unites in himself the three greatest characters upon earth: he is a priest, a husbandman, and the father of a family. When the duties attached to these occupations come into conflict, the reader may expect to find the Vicar inconsistent. Amiability is a prominent characteristic of which the Vicar boasts. Speaking of himself and his family, he says, "There was in fact, nothing that could make us angry with the world or each other.(1)"   He demonstrates this quality by his act of intercession for the butler who, masquerading as the owner of the home in which he worked, had duped the Vicar into...
Read more